大家好,我是听说读写拔高长线听说教师王楠楠,今天很高兴和大家来聊一聊关于一点写作的事情。提及被动语态,好多学生会嗤之以鼻,“被动嘛!谁不会啊!太easy了。
不就是 be done by 嘛”,如果类似这样的回答,我想说的是,其实你并了解被动。被动语态是由助动词“be”+过去分词构成的。这里的“be”既要表示出与主语的人称和数一致,也要表示出时、体的形式。而 “done” 用来表达物体和动词之间的被动关系,除此以外,被动语态有几种特殊用法,而且在阅读文章中经常出现,我们现在就去了解一下吧。
(1)主动形式表示被动意义
1)常见的这类动词有:"act,add up,clean,compare,count,cook,draw,fill,iron,keep,let,look,make up,milk,kill,open,photograph,prove,read,sell,smoke,spoil"等。
The window won’t open.(这扇窗户打不开。)
Damp wood will not fire.(湿木不易燃烧。)
She doesn’t photograph well.(她不上相。)
His judgment proved wrong.(他的判断是错的。)
The banana peels easily.(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。)
2)实用动词"need/want/deserve/require/be worth +V-ing(动名词)"形式表示被动意义。
其实,有些语法老师会让我们背些类似于这样的公式:need doing =need to be done.这就是所谓的形式上是主动,而实际是个被动,我们可以暂且叫此结构为"挂羊头,卖狗肉"。
My hair needs cutting.
The bike wants repairing.
The topic is worth discussing.
It doesn’t deserve mentioning.
3)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义:
①There be句型:
There are a lot of things to do.
There is nothing to worry about.
②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语,而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时:
I want some clothes to wash.
Do you have anything to say for yourself?
③不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词的直接宾语,而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时:
His sister gave him a bike to ride.
My father get me a book to read.