动名词的作用
1.动名词在句子中作主语。
Talking mends no holes.
空谈无济于事。
动名词的动作者是泛指的人。
It was pleasant and comfortable sitting there.
坐在那里很愉快舒适。
It是形式主语,真正主语是动名词sitting there。
Her relying too much on others isn’t good for her.
她过度倚赖别人对她没好处。
动名词的动作者是特指的人。
2.动名词在句子中可以作动词的宾语和介系词的宾语。
(1)动名词作动词的宾语时,动名词的动作者多是特指的,但也有时是泛指的。
I hate smoking.
我讨厌抽烟。
I find {it} pleasant and comfortable living there.
我觉得住在那里很愉快舒适。
it是形式宾语, 动名词片语leaving there是真正宾语。
Do you mind my(me) opening the windows?
你介意我打开窗子吗?
动名词用作宾语时,动作者可用人称代名词的所有格表示,在非正式用法中也可用宾格表示。
(2)动名词可作介系词的宾语,但要注意不要将有些成语中的介系词to和不定词符号to相混淆。常见的可后接动名词含有介系词to的成语有amount to, be used to, get used to, be equal to, contribute...to, descend to, devote to, get to, in addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, own up to, reduce to, see to, take to, testify to, come near to等,动名词的动作者多为特指。
He was proud of having taught a student like Einstein.
他因教过像爱因斯坦那样的学生而感到骄傲。
I’ve been looking forward to visiting the Pyramids.
我一直在盼望参观金字塔。
Then I decide to give up smoking.
那么我决定戒烟。
I am satisfied with your doing like this..
我因你这样做而感到满意。
(3)动名词可和about, after, against, at, before, besides, by, for, from, in, on, since, without等介系词构成片语,作修饰语。
He never complained about working overtime.
他从不抱怨加班工作。
Besides knowing English, French, German, he is fluent in Japanese.
他除了懂英语、法语、德语外,还能说流利的日语。
Besides smoking, he can also talk to people in English, Japanese, French.
除了抽烟外，他还能和人们用英语，日语，法语交谈。
(4)动名词可与介系词构成片语,作名词的修饰语。可被修饰的名词及其与之搭配的介系词常见的有apology for, art of, astonishment at, chance of, opportunity of, excuse for, experience of(in), habit of, hobby of, honor of, hope of, idea of, importance of, intention of, means of, method of, necessity of, possibility of, process of, right of, surprise at, way of等。
I don’t like his way of talking.
我不喜欢他的谈话方式。
He has no experience in teaching.
他没有教学经验。
3.动名词作主语补语。
Her job is teaching pupils English.
她的工作是教国小生英语。
动名词teaching pupils English的动作者是特指的她。
What she worries about is her son’s playing all day.
她所发愁的是她儿子整天玩。
动名词的动作者是特指的人her son。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
动名词believing的动作者是泛指的人。
4.动名词作宾语补语。
We call this cheating .
我们管这叫欺骗。
动名词的动作者是泛指的人。
5.动名词可以用作主语或宾语的同位语。
His hobby, collecting antique coins, has been kept on for years.
他的嗜好,收集古币,已经持续好久了。
His new hobby, smoking cigarettes, has been kept on for a short time.
他的新嗜好,抽香烟,已经持续一阵子了。
动名词collecting antique coins作主语his hobby的同位语。
He doesn’t like his job, working all day at a dirty and noisy place.
他不喜欢他的工作,整天在一个又脏又喧哗的地方做事。
动名词working all day at a dirty and noisy place 作宾语his job的同位语。
