虚拟语气

I．要点

表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

１、虚拟语气的构成

情景

条件从句的谓语动词

主句的谓语动词

与现在事实相反

动词过去式（be要用were）

should

+动词原形

would

与过去事实相反

had +过去分词

should

+have+过去分词

would

与将来事实相反

１、动词过去时

２、should +动词原形

３、were to +动词原形

should

＋动词原形

would

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：

Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

２、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

（１）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

（２）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

（３）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

（４）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

（５）在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或

"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：

It's time that we went ( should ）go to school.

II．例题

例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

例２"Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes B came C should come D will come

解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。

例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done

C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。