莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间,其诗作的结构技巧和语言技巧都很高,几乎每首诗都有独立的审美价值。莎士比亚在运用这个诗体时,极为得心应手,主要表现为语汇丰富、用词洗练、比喻新颖、结构巧妙、音调铿锵悦耳。而其最擅长的是最后两行诗,往往构思奇诡,语出惊人,既是全诗点睛之作,又自成一联警语格言。在英国乃至世界十四行诗的创作中,莎士比亚十四行诗是一座高峰,当得起空前绝后的美称。
《莎士比亚十四行诗》第五十四首
O! how much more doth beauty beauteous seem
By that sweet ornament which truth doth give.
The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
For that sweet odour, which doth in it live.
啊,有了真赋予的甜美的化妆,
美还会展示出多少更多的美。
艳丽玫瑰有了活在花朵中的芬芳,
在我们的心中会平添出多少妩媚。
The canker blooms have full as deep a dye
As the perfumed tincture of the roses,
Hang on such thorns, and play as wantonly
When summer’s breath their masked buds discloses:
野蔷薇同样在带刺的枝头悬垂,
一如玫瑰那样活泼地戏弄清风。
当夏的气息剥开戴面具的花蕾,
它也有芬芳玫瑰那浓浓的艳红。
But, for their virtue only is their show,
They live unwoo’d, and unrespected fade;
Die to themselves. Sweet roses do not so;
Of their sweet deaths are sweetest odours made:
但是,它们的姿色只宜一旁观赏,
活着没人追求,凋亡没人怜惜,
自生自灭;甜美的玫瑰却不一样,
甜美的死亡造出了最甜美的香气。
And so of you, beauteous and lovely youth,
When that shall vade, my verse distills your truth.
同样,美丽可爱的青年啊,当你姿色不存,
我笔下的诗歌却会提炼出你的真。