句式倒装类错误
英语句子通常以“主语—谓语—宾语”这样的顺序排列，这种语序称为自然语序。但有时由于修饰等方面的需要，将谓语、宾语或其他成分置于主语之前，从而构成倒装语序。英语的倒装语序又分部分倒装和完全倒装两类。从理论上说，倒装并不复杂，也不难，但问题是有时命题人巧妙在将倒装与其他知识结合起来进行考查，即命题不是直接考查倒装，而是借倒装这种形式，以此为掩护考查其他知识点。下面请看几个实例：
◇Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.
A. whichB. who C. whereD. that
许多同学一看空格后面的谓语动词 lives，便断定空格处一定要填一个能用作主语的词，很显然这个词应是 who，因为只有 who 与 lives 搭配才是合乎情理的，从而将锁定为选项B。你是这样分析的吗？对不起，错了！
◇_________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
A. Just B. Only C. EvenD. Ever
你若一看此题就认为这是考查 just, only, even, ever 四个的用法区别，从而去找一本同义词词典和用法词典，来查查它们的异同，你很可能就要步入陷阱了。做对此题的关键要注意到句中的 …does one know its value 这一倒装形式，你知道为什么注意此倒装是关键吗？
◇_________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When B. If C. HadD. Has
【分析】此题也与倒装有关，你知道它是属于什么类型的倒装吗？你知道它是为什么要倒装的吗？
本节搜集了部分典型的与倒装有关的陷阱题，供同学们练习之用。
1. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.
A. whichB. who C. whereD. that
许多同学一看到空格后的谓语动词lives，就以为空格处一定要填一个作主语的词，从而误选B或D。其实，此题的最佳答案应是C，where lives his uncle 为倒装词序，此句可改为 and there lives hisuncle 或 and his uncle lives there。
2. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _________ some green trees.
A. which is B. it isC. which areD. them are
【分析】此题容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。其实，此题的最佳答案为C，around which are some green trees 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 some green trees，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用are，而不是 is。请看类例：
Among these people was a foreigner from Europe. 他们当中有一个来自欧洲的老外。(句子主语是 a foreigner，among these people 是表语，所以谓语动词用单数 was)
On the top of the tree were some birds. 树顶上有一些鸟。(句子主语为 some birds，on the top ofthe tree 是表语，所以谓语动词用复数 were)
The police found a large box under his bed, in which were some sex books. 警察在他的床底下找到一只大箱子，里面装的是一些黄色书籍。(in which were some sex books 为非限制性定语从句，在该从句中，in which 是表语，some sex books 是主语，所以谓语动词用复数were)
3. Good luck to you, and _________ all your wishes come true!
A. canB. may C. must D. should
答案选B，may 置于句首可表示祝愿，又如：
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。
May you have a very happy married life. 祝你的婚姻生活幸福美满。
4. _________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
A. Just B. OnlyC. EvenD. Ever
【分析】此题最佳答案应选B，主要因为其后主句用了倒装句式(…does one know its value)，而综合所给四个选项，只有“only+状语”置于句首才会引出倒装句式。又如：
Only in this way can you do it well. 只有用这种办法你才能把它做好。
Only by working hard can you succeed. 你只有努力才能成功。
Only after the accident did he have his car inspected. 只有在那次事故之后，他才叫人检查他的车子。
5. I’m quite willing to help and _________ are the others.
A. theyB. who C. soD. even
答案选C，在“so + 倒装句”这一结构中，so 的意思与 also 相似，主要用来回答或补充前面句子的意思，表示“……也一样”。又如：
He was tired and so were the others. 他累了，其他人也累了。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，社会里的人也变了。
此结构的前后句的时态和助动词通常是一致的，但有时由于语境不同，可能有例外。如：
If you stay for dinner, so will I. 你要是留下来吃饭，那我也就留下。
“She wants to marry a foreigner.” “So did I.” “她想嫁给老外。”“我当年也有这想法。”
但是，如果前面一句是否定句，则后面一句不用 so，而用 neither 或 nor。如：
He didn’t like the house and neither did his wife. 他不喜欢这房子，他妻子也不喜欢。
The first one wasn’t good and nor was the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。
