在写作中有一些约定俗成的表达规则,这些在英文写作中同样存在。托福写作中大家也可以应用这些规则,让自己的作文更加顺畅。文中使用了一些简单例句进行说明,方便大家更好地理解。话不多说,我们今天就一起来看看吧!
01
不使用缩写
示例:孩子们心理上不太成熟,以至于不能够区分正确和错误的。
错误:Children are so immature psychologically that they can’t distinguish between right and wrong.
正确:Children are so immature psychologically that they cannot distinguish between right and wrong.
在规范性写作中,一定要避免缩写,这是美国大学中学术写作的基本要求。
因此,can’t,don’t,doesn’t,won’t应该替换成cannot,can not,do not,does not,will not
02
规范使用数字
示例:在游戏过程中,孩子们可以锻炼两种不同的核心能力:计划和管理资源的能力以及双手眼协调能力。
错误:When playing video games,children could develop 2 crucial skills:planning and resource management skills and hand-eye coordination.
正确:When playing video games,children could develop two crucial skills:planning and resource management skills and hand-eye coordination.
在英语写作中,1-10的数字需要“写出来”,而且阿拉伯数字不能用在句子的开头。
03
关于数量的表达
示例:学生们有很多种形式获得教授们的鼓励
错误:Encouragement that students receive from their professors can take a lot of forms.
正确:Encouragement that students receive from their professors can take many forms.
在写作中,a lot of/lots of表示为“许多”,较为不正式,通常使用much或many等表示。
04
注意语态
示例:人们对于学前教育对孩子学术成绩和个人发展的影响十分关注。
错误:Great attention has been paid to the influence of pre-school education on a child’s academic achievements and personal development.
正确:Parents are paying growing attention to the influence of pre-school education on a child’s academic achievements and personal development.
在写作中,用“主动语态”代替“被动语态”。
05
删除不必要的词
示例:曼德拉从未停止过种族平等运动的抗争,虽然他曾入狱。
错误:Mandela never stopped camaigning for racial equality,despite the fact he was incarcerated.
正确:Mandela never stopped camaigning for racial equality,despite of his incarcerated.
在写作中,删除不必要的词,如几乎所有的fact,包括:owing to the fact that...,in speite of the fact that...,call your attention to the fact that...,I was unaware of the fact that...等。
06
不用抽象、含糊的词
示例:热情使我坚持自己的信念,并督促我完成艰难的任务。
错误:Passion is the thing that holds ma belief and propels me to finsh the difficult task.
正确:Passion is the essential power that holds my belief and propels me to finsh the difficult task.
Thing的使用使得语言过于抽象、含糊,因此需要换成具体的“实义”名词。
07
however不用在句首
示例:这些路几乎不能通行。但是,我们最终还是到达了营地。
错误:The roads were almot impassable. However, we atlast succeeded in reaching camp.
正确:The roads were almot impassable.At last,however we succeeded in reaching camp.
However意义相当于nevertheless,在句子或从句中通常不在句首出现。
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