英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态的谓语部分的结构是be+过去分词。被动语态的句子有时态和人称,数的变化,这个变化都由be来承担,后面的过去分词不变。被动语态中的动词一定是及物动词或构成及物动词短语的词语。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
例如:Many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall be+taught be going to +be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:have/has been+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
过去完成时:had been +taught
过去将来时: should/would +be+taught
带情态动词:can/may/must+ be+taught
1.一般现在时
History is made by the people.
历史是人民创造的。
2.一般过去时
These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.
这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
3.一般将来时
Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.
李明将被邀请参加讲座。
4.现在进行时
A new railway is being built.
一条新铁路正在修建。
5.过去进行时
The roads were being widened.
路那时正在加宽。
6.现在完成时
He has been sent to work in Shanghai.
他已经被派往去上海工作了。
7.过去完成时
A new hotel had been built when I got there.
我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
8.过去将来时
He said a new hotel would be built in two months.
他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。
被动语态的否定句和疑问句
English is not used in European countries.
欧洲国家不使用英语。
Is English used in European countries?
欧洲国家使用英语吗?
1.否定句
凡是有be动词的句子,其否定句都是在be动词的后面加not,被动语态也不例外。
This song is not liked by young people.
这支歌不被年轻人所喜爱。
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马城不是一天建成的。
2.被动语态的疑问句
把Be动词放在句首,就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句;而疑问词+一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了。
Is Chinese used only in China?
汉语只是在中国使用吗?
Were these computers made in the U.S.A.?
这些计算机是美国制造的吗?
Yes,they were.是的。
No,they weren’t.不是。
What language is spoken in China?
中国说什么语言?
Chinese.
汉语。
What was it made of?
它是什么制造的?
It was made of bamboo.
是竹子造的。