it 与there be的用法
I.要点
1、it的用法
(1)用作人称代词,代替前文提到的无生命的事物,动植物、婴儿及指示代词this, that,如,
I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
(2)用来表示时间、天气、距离等,如,
It's twelve o'clock now.
It's fine today.
(3)用作引导词,代替由不定式,ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语,如,
It's no good telling him that.
It's necessary for you to do so.
(4)用在强调结构中,构成强调句式:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分,可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分,如,
It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
英语表示某时某处或某物时,常用there be句型,这是一种倒装结构,如,
There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
There is going to be a test this afternoon.
当主语有两个或两个以上时,动词be常和最近的那个主语取得一致,如,
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型,谓语动词除be之外,还可用其他表示存在,位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组,如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等,如,
There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"拥有",所以there be中be不能换成have,但当have表示事物的特征时,可用"主语+have"结构替换there be 句型,如:
There are five doors in the house.
The house has five doors.
there be 的其它句型:
1、There must be a meeting in the office.
2、There have been great changes since 1979.
3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I.例题
例1____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight
C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight
解析:该题答案为C。强调until结构时,要将否定词not移到until前。又如:He didn't leave until twelve 改为It was not until twelve that he left.
例2There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
A talk B talking C talked D to talk
解析:该题正确答案为B。There be句型为倒装句,可换为A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如:There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.