（四）动词时态、语态

I．要点

1、一般现在时

（1）表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：

Sometimes, we go swimming after school

（2）表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：

The earth goes round the sun.

2、现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：

What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：

He is always doing good deeds.

3、现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, ever 等词连用。如:

Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：

I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：

It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

８、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

９、被动语态

被动语态的时态，以give为例。

时／式

一般

进行

完成

现在

am

is given

are

am

is being

are

has

been given

have

过去

was

given

were

was

being given were

had been given

将来

shall

be given

will

shall

have been given

will

过去将来

should

be given

would

should

have been given

would

II．例题

例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。

例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

解析：该题正确答案为Ｃ。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。