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状语从句是初中英语学习的重点，也是每年中考必考的内容之一。
中考主要考查引导状语从句的连词、从句时态等方面。重点考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句。
接下来我们就针对这四种从句的考查要点和连词的使用进行系统总结。
状语：状语是句子的重要修饰成分。
状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
1.副词一般在句子中做状语.
He speaks English very well.
他英语说得非常好.(中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语)
He is playing under the tree.
他在树下玩儿.(under the tree是地点状语.)
2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。
I come specially to see you.
我专门来看你.
3.介词短语
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.
The boy was praised for his bravery.
4.从句作状语
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
5.分词作状语
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.
Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
时间状语从句
在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as，after,before,since,until等词引导。
引导时间状语从句的连词很多，为更于理解，可分为以下三类：
1. 普通连词如after, as, before, since, till, until, when, while等。I will tell you after they leave.他们走我再告诉你。He dropped the glass as he stood up.他站起来时，把杯子摔了。I’d better have a think before I decide.我最好还是先想想再作决定。We have known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。He waited until she was about to leave.他等着一直到她准备离开。Shut the door after you when you go out.出去时请随手关门。Stand still while I take your photograph.我给你拍照时站着不要动。
2. 表示“一……就”的连词表示“一……就”的时间连词除as soon as外，还有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。He started as soon as he received the news.他一接到消息就出发了。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.我一看到他就知道没希望了。I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.他一来到我就要见他。The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.他一开门就看见了这个贼。Immediately he came I told him the news.他一来我就把消息告诉了他。Once he arrives, we can start.他一来我们就可以开始。We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.我们刚出发就下雨了。She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.她刚到就下起雪来了。
3. 含有time的连词这类连词主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时候)。You can call me any time you want to.你随时都可以给我打电话。Each time I went there, I saw him working.我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。Every time I see her I’ll think of it.每次我看到她，我就想起这事。Next time you come in, please close the door.下次你进来，请关门。He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him.我上次见到他时他没告诉我。The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。By the time he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候，你在写信吗?4. Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走，这时有人敲门。6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。：1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的?4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
