I.要点
有时为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下,往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。
1、固定习惯用词。如:
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 简单句中的省略
(1)口语中,一、二、三人称的主语,有时还包括谓语都可以省略。如:(It is)Nice to see you!
(This is) Li Ming speaking.
(2)所有格后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如:
I'm going to visit Tom's (house).
I met him at the tailor's (shop).
(3)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
(4)主(宾)语补足语中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
(5)There be结构中there be可同时省略,或只省略there.如:(Is there) Anything wrong?
(6)表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock, minute等常省略。如:What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).
3从句中的省略
(1)宾语从句,以which, when, where, how和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同,可省略从句中全部谓语,甚至主语也可省略,仅保留wh-一词。如:
He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).
He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).
(2)定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词,如:
The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.
(3)状语从句,在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句主语是it,则be动词及其主语常可省略。如:
I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.
I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.
II.例题
例1Abeam of light will not bend(弯曲)round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device(反射装置)。
A made B being made C having made D to be made
解析:该题正确答案为A。unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth变成被动语态则为sth/ sb be made to do.
例2While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.
A do B did C doing D having done
解析:该题答案为C。该空处省略了I'm,相当于while I'm doing my home work.如:While playing guitar, he is singing.