动词的时态概述
1.时态是一种语法范畴,是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。
谓语动词的时态决定了整句的时态。
时间有四个主要部分,即现在,过去,将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种,即一般,完成,进行和完成进行。将这些时间与动作方面组合在一起,即构成16种时态。如下:
现在 : 一般现在时 I work
现在完成时 I have worked
现在进行时 I am working
现在完成进行时 I have been working
过去 : 一般过去时 I worked
过去完成时 I had worked
过去进行时 I was working
过去完成进行时 I had been working
将来时态: 一般将来 I shall work
将来完成 I shall have worked
将来进行 I shall be working
将来完成进行 I shall have been working
过去将来 : 一般过去将来 I should work
过去将来完成 I should have worked
过去将来进行 I should be working
过去将来完成 I should have been working
了解常见的动词时态的用法:
时态名称 句型结构(以sing为例) 常用时间状语
一般现在时 主语+ sing
sings(第三人称单数)
be= am/is/are In the morning/afternoon/
Evening;
Every day/week/year;
Sometimes, often,
usually, always;等
一般过去时 主语+sang (过去式)
be=was/were Yesterday, last week;
Two years ago; in 1980;等
现在进行时 主语+am
is +singing现在分词
are Now
These days、years等
过去进行时 主语+ was +singing
were At 5:00 last Monday;
This time yesterday等
现在完成时 主语+have +sung过去分词
has Ever; never;already;
Yet; for+一段时间等
现在完成进行时 主语+have +been singing
has Since last year;for ten month;
All the time等
过去完成时 主语+had done 过去分词 过去终止点的时间常用by,before等介词或一个时间状语从句;或用as soon as 引导的一个过去时态的从句。
一般将来时 主语+shall
will
am/is/are +going to sing Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; in five minutes
In the future等
过去将来时 主语+should
would
was/were going to sing The next year 等(往往用语宾语从句中)