从连接词的用法,或者从它所连接的成分的不同性质来看,可分为对等连接词和从属连接词两类
累积连接词是把所连接的部分通过累加的方式连接在一起的对等连接词,如:
and, as well as, both...and, not only...but also。
It seems you and I together can do nothing but shopping.
你和我在一起好像除了购物就不能做点别的。
Tom and Jim are good friends.
汤姆和吉姆是好朋友。
and连接作主语的两个专有名词。
The movie is both interesting and instructive.
这部电影既有趣又有教育意义。
both...and 连接两个作主语补语的形容词。
Not only the planets but also the sun is in constant motion.
不仅是行星而且太阳也在不断地运动。
not only...but also连接作主语的两个名词,述语动词的数由but also 后面的主语决定。
选择连接词的作用是将若干文法作用相同的部分连接在一起,在其中选择一个,如:
or, not...but, either...or, neither...nor, or else。
Neither you nor I like going shopping.
你不喜欢购物，我也不喜欢。
Which do you like, tea or coffee?
你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?
or连接两个名词,表示选择其中之一。
You or he is mistaken.
不是你错了就是他错了。
or连接两个代名词作主语,述语动词由or后面的主语决定。
What he wants is not money but justice.
他所要的不是钱而是公正。
Either you or I am right.
不是你对就是我对。
推理连接词连接两个子句,表示因果、推理的意义,如:
accordingly, consequently, hence, so, then, therefore。
...Therefore, I should go and buy a new one.
...所以我应该去买件新的。
I didn’t go to school yesterday, so I didn’t see my teacher.
我昨天没有上学,所以我没有看到我的老师。
I was ill yesterday, therefore, I didn’t go to school.
我昨天病了,所以我没有上学。
The company went bankrupt. Consequently, he lost his job.
公司破产,因此他失业了。
I was in a hurry, hence I only took a piece of sandwich as lunch.
我很忙,所以只吃了一块三明治作为午餐。
从属连接词是连接从属子句的连接词,可以引导名词子句,形容词子句和副词子句。常见的有:
if(是否,如果), when(当...时), as(当...时,因为,正如), since(自从,既然), until(直到), before(在...之前), because(因为), unless(除非), whether(是否), than(比), though(虽然)。
I wonder whether (if) this fits me.
我想知道这件是不是适合我。
whether引导的名词子句作动词的宾语时,在不会引起歧义的情况下可用if代替。
I really don’t know what you like.
我真不知道你喜欢什么。
I don’t know what you mean.
我不知道你的意思。
what引导的名词子句作宾语,相当于that which。
Do you know who will come soon?
你知道谁不久要来?
who引导的名词子句作宾语,并在名词子句中作主语。
引导形容词子句的关系代名词主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
The one which has red dots looks better.
带红点儿的这件看起来更好。
The teacher blamed the boy that (who) broke the window.
老师责备了打碎窗户的男孩。
He was reading a book that (which) was written by Mark Twain.
他在读一本马克吐温写的书。
This is the man whose wallet was lost.
这就是那个遗失了钱包的人。
This is the man whom you want to see.
这就是你想见到的那个人。
引导副词子句的从属连接词可表示多种意义。
表目的的从属连接词有so that, in order that, that, for fear, in case, lest等。
I want to leave here so that I don’t have to pay for the skirt.
我想让她离开这里，这样我就不用为那裙子付钱了。
I got up early so that I could catch the train.
我起得早为的是能够赶上火车。
I got up early lest I should miss the train.
我起得早以免误火车。
表条件的从属连接词有if, unless, providing, provided, only if等。
My girlfriend will leave here if she sees me talking to a girl.
如果我的女朋友看见我和女孩儿说话，她就会离开这里的。
We will go to the park if it doesn’t rain.
要是不下雨我们就去公园。
We will not go to the park only if it rains.
只有下雨我们才不去公园。
