in the south,on the south,to the south
这三个片语的意义各不相同。
In the south的意思是“在南部”,指在某地区之内。例:
This plant grows in the south of Africa.
这种植物生长在非洲的南部。
Guangzhou is in the south of China.
广州在中国的南部。
On the south的意思是“在南边”、“与南边接近”。例:
Bolivia is bounded on the north and east by Brazil,on the south by Argentina and Paraguay,and on the west by Peru and Chile.
玻利维亚的北边和东边与巴西接壤,南边与阿根廷和巴拉圭接壤,西边与秘鲁和智利接壤。
从例句可见,介词on可以表达“与…接壤”和“沿…”的意义。下面两例可以进一步说明on的使用场合:
Have you read George Eliot’s“The Mill on the Floss”?
你看过乔治·艾略特的“弗洛斯河上的磨坊”吗?
I have been to many countries on the Pacific.
我到过许多太平洋沿岸的国家。
To the south的意思是“在南面”、“向南面”,指在某地区之外。例:
The garden lies to the south of the house.
花园是在房子的南面。
Kowloon is less than an hour’s dirve to the south of Shenzhen.
九龙在深圳南面不足一小时车程之远。
The magnetic needle points to the south.
磁针指向南面。
通过上列例句的比较,我们可以举一反三,联想到in,on和to the east(west,north)的差异和意义了。
顺便在此指出,south和southern的比较级是more southern.最高级是 southmost和southernmost;north和northern亦然。值得注意的是,east和west有所不同。它们的原级是 east(eastern),west(western),比较级是more eastern和more western,最高级只有一种形式,即easternmost和westernmost,不能写作eastmost和westrmost.