前两三期谈过了被动语态的变法及在什么情况下要用被动语态。

这里要谈的是：如何处理某些句子的被动语态。

先看看双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。

大家知道，英语有些句子含有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。例如：

“The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome ”里，就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语“a warm welcome” ;另一个是间接宾语“the guest”。

在变成被动语态时，其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下，我们多以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语留在原位，如：

“The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd ”。

但是，如果重点在直接宾语，直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语，如：

“We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.”要变成：

“A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.”

接着，让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态，例如：

“People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”这句子可以“it ”作为主语，然后，把名词分句移到句子后头去：

“It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”

另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语，接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词：

“Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.”

最后，谈谈怎样把不带“to”的不定式动词变成被动语态。例如：

“We saw them go out”和“He made her work”这两句话里， “go out”和“work” 不带“to ”，但是当它们变成被动句时，“ to ”出现了：

“They were seen to go out.”和“She was made to work.”

在结束本文之前，顺便指出中英文句子结构的一个差异，就是中文含有被动意义的句子，不一定要用“被”字，但在译成英文时，却要变成被动语态。例如：

①灯关掉了：The light was turned off (不是：The light turned off)

②会议延期举行：The meeting will be put off. (不是：The meeting will put off)

③这件事必须保密：This matter should be kept secret.(不是：This matter should be secret)

④发展计划提早完成：The development project was completed before schedule.

⑤我们学校去年建造了一个新的电脑室： Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.

⑥在旧社会，妇女是受轻视的：In the old society,women were looked down upon.