内 容 提 要
形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，当然还有其特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一一掌握。
I形容词比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下
构 成 法
原 级
比 较 级
最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加?er 和 ?est
strong
stronger
strongest
② 单音节词如果以?e结尾，只加?r 和?st
strange
stranger
strangest
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母，
须先双写这个辅音字母，再加?er和?est
sad
big
hot
sadder
bigger
hotter
saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少数以?y,?er(或?ure),?ow,?ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加?er和?est(以?y结尾的词，如?y前是辅音字母， 把y变成i，再加?er和?est，以?e结尾的词仍加?r和?st)
angry
clever
narrow
noble
angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler
angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most
different
more
different
most
different
1) The most high [A] mountain in [B] the world is Mount Everest， which is situated [C] in Nepal and is twenty?nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high [D] .
2) This house is spaciouser [A] than that [B] white [C] one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota [D] last year.
3) Research in the social [A] sciences often proves difficulter [B] than similar [C] work in the physical [D] sciences.
二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式：
1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most
只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。
但是，以形容前缀?un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由?ING分词和?ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings [A] of the old masters [B] are among the treasuredest [C] works in museums [D] .
3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式
absolute
fatal
main
right
universal
chief
final
naked
simulta-
utter
entire
foremost
perfect
neous
vital
eternal
inevitable
possible
sufficient
whole
excellent
infinite
primary
supreme
wooden
三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
good well better best
bad ill worse worst
many much more most
little few less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter [A] to tame [B] than [C] Asian elephants [D] .
6) Sarah Hale became [A] one of the famousest [B] magazine [C] editors in the United States during [D] the 1800’s.
7) Of all [A] the Native American tribes [B] ， the Shawnee Indians were [C] a most [D] transient.
四、例题解析
1) A错。应将“most high”改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式。
2) A错。改为more spacious。
3) B错。 改为more difficult。
4) C错。 treasured 在本句中是?ED分词(动词treasure +ed)作形容词使用，是“宝贵的、珍贵的”意思，修饰名词 works(作品)，其最高级形式应用 the most treasured。
5) A错，改为more difficult。
6) B错。改为“the most famous”，因为famous(著名的)是双音节，其最高级变化应在前面加“the most”。
7) D错。应改为“the most”，因为此处表示的是最高级，“the most transient”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”。
II 副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least
但是，开放类副词即以后缀?ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加?er或?est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
[注]： early中的?ly不是后缀，故可以把?y变?i再加?er和?est
III形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法
1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句，表示两者比较;其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”，而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
[A] to run for fifteen minutes
[B] running for fifteen minutes
[C] you run for fifteen minutes
[D] fifteen?minute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(记忆力) in solving [D] a problem.
3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state， Texas.
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
[A] such
[B] more
[C] as
[D] than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题)
[A] that
[B] so
[C] this
[D] as
二、比较级
1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…，”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、?ING结构和?ED结构，有时也可省去than。
6) Natural mica(云母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.
7) She is older than .
[A] any other girl in the group
[B] any girl in the group
[C] all girls in the group
[D] you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late [B] ， remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work.
2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
[A] ours
[B] with us
[C] for ours it had
[D] it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
[A] faster through water than through
[B] faster than through water and
[C] through water faster and
[D] where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand’s pupils， followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] .
三、最高级
1. 最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic [A] problems， inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.
14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
[A] All the activities
[B] The activities
[C] Of all the activities
[D] It is the activities
