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一定要背熟!初中阶段及中考,对过去将来时的考查只是初级的,并不难,同学们只需掌握这篇文章所讲的内容就可以了!
一. 过去将来时的含义
表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。例如:
I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。
二. 过去将来时的结构及用法
1.“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如:
He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
2.“was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。
3. come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。
4. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如:
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老师说,如果我不努力学习的话,就很难取得进步。
三. 过去将来时典型错误例析
1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。
误:We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正:We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析:该句主句为过去时,且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作,所以从句要用过去将来时态。
2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
误:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析:在时间状语从句中,常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。
误:They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正:They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析:在条件状语从句中,也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈,她要买一些书。
误:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析:过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成,但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。