13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---deskstree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如:
child---children
4.单复数同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示"某国人"的单、复数变化。
即"中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面"。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers