句子种类

I．要点

句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、陈述句的否定

（1）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.

（2）含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before.

2、反意疑问句

（1）need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?

（2）陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?

（3）陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?

陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?

（4）陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?

（5）陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?

（6）陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?

但，如果是I think , I believe等+宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?

3、感叹句

用what或how,

What a beautiful park it is.

How beautiful a park it is.

How beautiful the park is.

How we worked!

4、祈使句

Take care!

Don't stand there.

Please open the door for the old lady.

II．例题

例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?

A. will you B. do you C. won't you D. shall you

解析：该题答案为A，在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?

例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ?

A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do we

解析：该题答案为C，let's…后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let us后加上will you。

例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ?

A. doesn't he B. does he C. do they D. has he

解析：该题答案为B，hardly否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。