倒装

I．要点

按"主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为"谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语"，就是倒装语序。

1、全部倒装

（1）there be 句型

There is going to be a meeting.

There is a book on the table.

（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，如，

Here comes the bus.

Here he comes.

（3）直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，如，

"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.

（4）为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.

2、部分倒装

（1）so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时，如，

I like swimming, so does my brother.

（2）only +状语放在句首，如，

Only through this method can we win.

Only in this way can we do the work well.

（3）含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，

Never had I heard that.

Little did I know about this.

（4）以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如，

So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.

（5）用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，

Were I you, I wouldn't do that.

Had he come, we would have won.

（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，

May you be happy for ever.

II．例题

例1、Not only ____ this machine but ____ it.

A. can he run……can he repair B. can he run……he can repair

C. he can run……he can repair D. he can run……can he repair

解析：该题答案为B，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒装，but后面仍是正常语序。

例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.

A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond is

C. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond

解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。

例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.

A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope

解析：该题答案为A，only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时，须用倒装。