主谓一致

I．要点

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。

1、语法上一致

（1）、以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如，

To work hard is necessary for a student.

（2）、用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，如，

Both he and I are right.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

（3）、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，如，

The teacher as well as his students is excited.

（4）、某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book.

（5）、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.

2、意义上一致

（1）、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如，

Twenty years is not a long time.

（2）、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，

People are talking about the accident.

（3）、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，

My family is a big one.

My family are watching TV.

3、邻近一致

用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如，

Either you or I am mad.

II．例题

例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.

A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built

解析：该题答案为A。works形式上是复数，意思上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数，类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.

例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.

A. have B. has C. having D. gets

解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。