英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)
结构:主语 + be + 过去分词
时态: 1. 一般现在时: am (is, are) done.
2. 一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may) be done
3. 一般过去时: was (were) done
4. 一般将来时: will (shall) be done
5. 现在进行时: am (is, are) being done
6. 现在完成时: have (has) been done
二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)
此结构不可用被动语态。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.
(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.
2.主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)
此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.
(误) An accident was happened last night.
3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)
(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Children often sing this song
This song is often sung by children.
(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.
The teachers should be listened to carefully.
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)
(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。
He showed us a picture .
We were shown a picture.
(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.
A picture was shown to us.
A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.
5. 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)
如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to”。
I saw him fall off the tree.
He was seen to fall off the tree.