一)非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
二)谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
三)非谓语动词的特征:
3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible. 在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It’s too difficult for him to master
English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。 (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起让你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。
(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here. 这儿有两个大型游泳池。
swimming 起形容词作用)