误解词汇意义类错误
有许多所谓的陷阱题,倒不是因为句子结构有多么复杂,用词多么生僻,而是因为其中有个别词(尤其是其中的关键词)的词义很容易误解,或是同学们对此平时没引起足够的注意,对这类词理解不深,在运用时其词义在脑海中模棱两可,从而导致做题失误。下面请看几道实例:
◇Mr Black, who is a _________, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _________.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter
汉语中的“厨师”,说成英语是 cook,还是 cooker? 汉语说“打字员”,说成英语是 typist,还是 typewriter? 你若分不清,此题将无法做。
◇They decided to _________ their new product on TV.
A. advertise B. advertise onC. advertise for D. advertise to
advertise 是及物动词还是不及物动词?或者既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词,只是含义不同?要表示为某物打广告以便将其卖出,其英语表达是 advertise sth,还是 advertise for sth?这个介词 for 该不该用?或者用与不用有什么区别?
◇I _________ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuadeC. have persuadedD. was persuaded
persuade 的真正意思是“说服”,还是“设法说服”?换句话说,它是表示“说服”的过程,还是表示“说服”的结果?
你想知道以上问题的答案吗?请听下文分解。
1. Mr Black, who is a _________, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _________.
A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter
【分析】此题正确答案为B,但容易误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。比较:
The cook bought a new cooker. 这个厨师买了件新炊具。
The typist bought a new typewriter. 这个打字员买了台新打字机。
2. The _________ so much alike that I can’t tell which is which.
A. twin looks B. twins lookC. twin look D. twins looks
【分析】此题容易误选C,误认为 twin 的意思是“双胞胎”,指两个,表复数意义。其实,此题的正确答案为B,twin 的意思是“孪生子之一”或“双胞胎之一”,英文解释为 either of two children bornof the same mother at the same time,即它指的是两者中的一个,而不是两个,要表示双胞胎两个,要用复数 twins。类似地,parent 的意思是“父(母)亲,父亲或母亲”,其英文解释是 thefather or mother of a person or animal。要表示“父母双亲”,要用复数 parents。如:
Where are your parents? 你父母在哪儿?
Denise and Martin have recently become parents. 丹尼斯和马丁最近当爸爸妈妈了。
Being a parent can be hard work. 为人父母是件很辛苦的事。
To have good children one must be a good parent. 要想培育出好的孩子,自己必须要是好的父母。
3. If you want to sell your product you must _________ it.
A. advertise B. advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise to
【分析】此题正确答案为A,但容易误选B,认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词,及物时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;不及物时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词 for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:
advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)
advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)
He advertised for a new secretary. 他登广告招聘一名新秘书。
People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。
再比较:advertise jobs 招聘广告,advertise for jobs 求职广告
请做以下类似试题:
(1) We must _________ the people heart and soul.
A. serveB. serve for C. serve toD. serve on
答案选A,serve 意为“为……服务”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for。
(2) I _________ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang B. rang to C. rang withD. rang to
答案选A,ring 可以用作及物动词,表示“给……打电话”,故其后不用介词。
(3) How can I _________ you?
A. contact B. contact withC. contact to D. contact for
答案选A,contact 为及物动词,表示“与……联系”,其后不接介词。
4. There are five pairs _________, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
【分析】此题容易误选C,其实应选B。choose 表示“选择”,其实是指“选择出来”(pick out),而不是指“从……选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有时也用 choose among。同样地,下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略:
Here are some books for you choose from. 这些书可供你选择。
There are too many cakes to choose from. 蛋糕太多了,不知要选哪个好。
比较:
He didn’t know what to choose. 他不知道选什么。
He didn’t know what to choose from. 他不知道从哪儿去选。