◆manage v.
1. 表示能够做某事或成功地做某事,其后可接不定式,但不接动名词。如:
How did you manage to finish it so soon? 你怎么这样快就完成了?
Unfortunately I didn’t manage to pass the exam. 不幸的是我未能通过考试。
注:有时用作反语,意为“竟做出”。如:
He managed to break at least six windows. 他竟至少打破了六个窗户。
2. 表示能对付、能做到、拿得动、吃得下等义,通常与情态动词can, could 连用。如:
I can’t manage another mouthful. 我一口也吃不下了。
A:Do you need any help with the heavy bag? 要帮忙提这个 重袋子吗?
B:No, thanks. I can manage (it). 不用了,谢谢,我能行。
◆manner n.
1. 表示“礼貌”、“规矩”,通常用复数形式。用作主语时,谓语一般也用复数。如:
Where are your manners? 你还有没有礼貌?
Mind [Remember] your manners. 注意礼貌(规矩)。
It’s bad manners to stare at people. 瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
注:有时表示彬彬有礼的样子或表示“风度”。如:
His manners were charming. 他风度翩翩。
2. 表示“态度”,一般只用单数。如:
I don’t like his manner. 我不喜欢他的态度。
3. 表示“方式”、“方法”,通常用单数形式,有时可与 way换用。表示以某种方式或方法,通常用介词 in。如:
Do it in this manner (=way). 用这种方法做。
I don’t like the manner (=way) in which you do it. / I don’t like your manner (=way) of doing it. 我不喜欢你这种做法。
◆many & much adj. & pron.
1. 两者都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中。如:
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
How many children do you have? 你有几个小孩?
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of等代之。如:
We don’t plant many trees, but we plant a lot of flowers. 他们树种得不多、但花栽了不少。
但是,在下列情况两者也常见于肯定句。如:
(1) 用作主语或主语的定语时:
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做也。
(2) 其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰时:
You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
注:在正式文体中,many, much 用于肯定句的情况也很普遍。
2. many of 和 much of之后接名词时,该名词必须有表特指的限定词(the, these, those, my, our 等)修饰。如:
误:Many of students have read it.
正:Many of the students have read it. 许多学生读过它。
误:Much of time was wasted.
正:Much of the time was wasted. 大部分时间都浪费了。
3. 两者都可与 more 连用,其区别仍然是 many more之后接复数名词,much more 之后接不可数名词。如:
There are many more people than I expected. 到的人比我预计的要多得多。
There’s much more water in the river than usual. 河里的水比往常多得多。
4. 一般不单独用作表语,但在正式文体中,有时也可以用作表语(尤其是与 few 对比使用时)。如:
His faults are many. 他的错误很多。
We are many but they are few. 我们人多而他们人少。
注:在口语中或非正式文体中一般不这样用。如:
屋里有许多人。
不说:The people in the room are many.
应说:There are many people in the room.
5. 注意“many a+单数可数名词”的用法:形式上为单数,但意义上为复数(意为“许多”),若用作主语,其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。如:
Many a student has seen the film. 许多学生看过这部电影。
We have been there many a time. 我们去过那儿许多次。
注:“many a+单数名词”是一个十分正式的结构,在口语或非正式文体中一般都用 many+复数名词”代之。
(实习编辑:于晓伟)