1. 指示代词的基本用法
指示代词包括this, that, these, those等,它们在句中既可用作代词,也可用作形容词。一般说来,this, these表“近指”,,而that, those则“远指”。
2. 指示代词指上文还是指下文
指上文提到的事多用that,有时用this,指下文的事只能用this。如:
—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was ________?
—________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
答案是A。指上文提到的事多用that,it指时间。
3. 电话用语中的指示代词
在电话用语中指自己用this,指对方用that,不用I或you。如:
“Who’s that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是玛丽。”
4. 指示代词受定语从句的修饰
指示代词that, those后可接定语从句,一般说来,that后接which引导的定语从句,those后接who引导的定语从句。如:
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
5. 指示代词用作替代词
that, those有时可用作替代词,用以替代前面提到过的人或事物。如:
My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。