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初一我们就 开始接触和学习There be句型，初中三年，我们一直在和There be句型打交道，它贯穿在很多语法学习中，常考的有There be的各种时态、主谓一致以及反义疑问句。

定义

There be 句型是英语中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地"作句子的状语,多是介词短语。

There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有一个足球。

结构

There be +某物 / 某人 + 某地

动词be的确定

1)there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。

There is a flower in the bottle.瓶里有一朵花。There is some money in the purse.钱包里有些钱。There are some books on the desk.桌子上有许多书。

2)若句子中有几个并列的主语时, be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致(就近原则)。

There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。

There be 句型

肯定句

“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”，表示“(在)某地有某人/某物”。这里的be的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则，即合靠近be的主语保持一致。具体地说，there后面第一个主语，若是单数时，be就用is/was;若是复数时be就用are/were。

There are three people in my family.我家有三口人。There is a pen and two books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。

否定式“There be +not+主语+介词短语”。There be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be后加not或no即可，但要注意的是句中的some改成any.

1. There is a knife in the kitchen.否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.

2. There are five apples on the tree.否定:There are not five apples on the tree.

3. There is some ink in the bottle.否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.

4. There are some birds singing in the tree.否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.

There be否定句型中的not any与no可以互换。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，所以not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。

1. There are not any books in the bag.=There are no books in the bag.

2. There is no baby crying in the room.=There is not any baby crying in the room.

3. There are no students in the classroom.=There are not any students in the classroom.

4. There is not any milk in the bottle.=There is no milk in the bottle.

疑问式

在“There is/are...”的疑问句中,要把Be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。难点:句中出现的some要改成any。 肯定回答为：Yes, there is/are.否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.结构：Be动词+there+主语……?

There is an apple on the tree.Is there an apple on the tree?肯定回答: Yes, there is.否定回答: No, there isn’t.

There are five pens on the desk. Are there five pens on the desk?肯定回答: Yes, there are.否定回答: No, there aren’t.

There is some water in the cup.Is there any water in the cup?肯定回答: Yes, there is.否定回答: No, there isn’t.

特殊疑问句

“There be句型”的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

1.对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。

There are many things over there.What’s over there?There was a little girl in the roomWho was in the room?

2.对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。

There is a computer on the desk.Where is the computer?There were four children on the playground.Where were the four children?

3.对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are/were (there)+介词短语?

There’re many children in the park. How many children are(there)in the park?

How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?There was little rain around the year. How much rain was (there)around the year?