内 容 提 要
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to+动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。动词不定式的特殊情况也要掌握。
I 动词不定式的构成与形式
一、动词不定式的概念：动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语1) 、宾语2)、表语3)、定语4) 和状语5)
1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement，skillfulness，and upward mobility.
[A] To acquire
[B] Acquire
[C] Acquires
[D] Have acquired
2) We are planning for the entrance examination for postgraduate.
[A] registering
[B] register
[C] to register
[D] registered
3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials for the matriculation of postgraduate.
[A] make our every effort
[B] to make our every effort
[C] to our every effort
[D] made our efforts
4) —Where should I send my application?
—The Personnel Office is the place it to.
[A] sends
[B] be sended
[C] to be sended
[D] to send
5) from others, one should take his promise.
[A] To get confidence
[B] To getting confidence
[C] To get confidences
[D] Getting to the confidence
说明：以上五句中的斜体是其动词不定式的附属部分。
二、动词不定式的构成与形式： 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语[2)和4)中的斜体部分]和状语[5)中的斜体部分]。虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语 。考研题中，语法中所考动词不定式部分包括检测考生是否掌握动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间的一致，其中主要包括它们之间 主动和被动 的关系以及 它们在时间上的一致 ，同时动词不定式还有其否定形式。所有这些涉及到动词不定式的各种形式。现以动词make为例，其形式如下：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
(not) to make
(not) to be made
完成式
(not) to have made
(not) to have been made
进行式
(not) to be making
完成进行式
(not) to have been making
6) Some [A] types of naphtha(石油脑) are employed to dissolving [B] rubber [C] and to thin paints and [D] varnish.
7) The Statue of Liberty was originally [A] proposed [B] in 1865 to commemoration [C] the alliance [D] of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
8) The purpose [A] of inductive logic [B] is to inferring [C] general laws from particular occurrences [D] .
三、例题解析
1) A为正确答案。
2) C为正确答案。
3) B为正确答案。
4) D为正确答案。
5) A为正确答案。
6) B错。改用动词原形“dissolve”，不定式符号“to”后只能出现动词原形。
7) C错。改为“commemorate”。
8) C错。改为“to infer”，注意句子的主语为“purpose”(目的) 。
II 动词不定式的用法
一、 不定式结构作主语
1. 不定式前置
1) Derive [A] mineral resources from [B] sedimentary rock [C] is a [D] major modern industrial activity.
2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.
[A] To make high scores
[B] To make low goal
[C] To the high scores
[D] Make the low goals
2. 上述形式一般情况不多见，作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面
It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.
3) John admitted that it’s always difficult .
[A] for him being on time
[B] being on time for him
[C] for him to be on time
[D] on time for him
4) It is difficult for me [A] to be concentrating [B] while someone [C] is using [D] a vacuum cleaner.
3. 不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词，也适用于其他动词
It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.
It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.
4. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通过带“for +名词短语”辨出
It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(总复习).
It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.
5. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语
It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
间或也可用for + there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
二、 不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式;另一种是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”
1. 动词+带to的不定式结构
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒绝), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(试图), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。
5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(银行保管库) of this nation.
[A] to believe
[B] to be belived
[C] beliving
[D] have belived
6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.
[A] in the navigating
[B] the navigation
[C] to navigate
[D] navigation
7) For the [A] first time Venusian scientists managed landing [B] a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending [C] back signals as well as [D] photographs ever since.
8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.
[A] afforded
[B] affording
[C] to afford
[D] can afford
从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和can’t或could和couldn’t连用。
