非谓语动词

非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们在熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。

一、分析句子结构

1. ________many times , but he still couldn’t understand it .

2. ________many times , he still couldn’t understand it .

A. Having been told . B. He was told C. Told D. Though he had been told

3. ________to the left , you’ll find the post office . 4. If you ________to the left , you’ll find the post office . 5. ________to the left , and you’ll find the post office .

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned

二、分析逻辑主语

确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。

1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .

A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being

2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .

分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。句2. 同理选D。

三、分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .

2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .

A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See

这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2. 我们“主动看……”即表主动，故选B。

3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .

4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed

分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故选B。

句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语“the girl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选D。

四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。

1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .

2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .

3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.

A. having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built

句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。

句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。

句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。

又如：

1. He stood there______for his mother .

2. ______for two hours , he went away .

A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited

句1表示“站在那等”，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。

句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词“went away ”之前，故用完成式，选D 。

需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。

如：

What is the reason for ______there ?

A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go

巩固练习:

1. ______won’t be of much help .

A .Tom’s going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes

2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived.

A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean

3. We must find a room big enough _____.

A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live inC. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live

4. _____a teacher , I should set a good example to students .

A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being

5. _____a teacher ,one must first be their pupil .

A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been

6. It was stupid _____ your advice.

A. for me not to take B. for me not takingC. of me not to take D. of me not taking

7. The teacher told him to speak louder _____by everybody.

A. so as to be heard B. so as to hear C. in order that heard D. in order to hear

8. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday.

A. us to put off B. our putting off C. us of putting off D. our put off

9. The doctor gave me some medicine , _____ three times a day before meals.

A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it

10. Thanking them for their kindness , he said that the old lady really appreciated _____by them.

A. visiting B. visited C. to be visited D. being visited

12. Don’t you think it any good_____in public places?

A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smoking

C. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke

13. China is a _____ country and we should introduce _____ science and technology from the _____ countries.

A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing;advanced;developed

C. developing;advancing;developing D. developed; advancing ; developing

14. _____, the work can be done much better .

_____, we can do the work better.

A. Given more time B.We had been given more time

C. More time given D. If more time had given

15. _____from space , the earth , with water _____seventy percent of its surface , looks like a "blue ball".

A. Seen ; covered B. Seeing ; covering C. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering

16. People always shake hands with each other when _____.

A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing

19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _____.

A. to be polluted B. from pollutingC. from being polluted D. from polluted

20. As the stone was too heavy to move , I left it _____ on the ground .

A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.

21 —Good morning.Can I help you?

—I’d like to have this package ____，madam.(MET 89)

A.weighed B.weighing C.weigh D.be weighed

22 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ____.(NMET 91)

A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

23 When the teacher came in, the children pretended___ attentively.

A. reading B.to be read C. being read D.to be reading

24 Everybody says he is a __boy.

A.promised B.promising C.tO promise D.Promise

25 He looked at me with___ eyes.

A.question B. questioning C.to question D. being questioned

26 I listened to the rain，___ that he would not come tonight.

A.thinking B.to think

27 I can hardly imagine Robert____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days

A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed

28 I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.yours calling

29 To master a foreign language,______.

A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice

C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice

30 _________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.

A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received

31 When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____

“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

32 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

33 ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (‘03上海春)

A.The president will attend B.The president to attend

C.The president attended D.The president’s attending

34 She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live. (‘03上海春)

A.to have played B to play C to be played D to be playing

35 Unless ___ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited (‘03上春)

36 The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.

A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was prepared

37 They wrote a letter yesterday, ____ his thanks to the people who had helped them.

A expressed B to express C expressing D was expressing

38 ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A Having suffered B Suffering C That D Suffered

39 The manager, ____ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.

A knowing B known C to know D know

40 ‘Can’t you read?’ Mary said ___ to he notice.

A angrily pointing B and point angrily C angrily pointed D and angrily pointing

41 ___late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm.(NMET 2001)

A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept

42 ___more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 1990)

A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

43 The firemen rushed into the building _____ by the fire in spite of danger.

A. being eaten up B. to be eaten up

C. eaten up D. having been eaten up

44 There is no fun _____ the evening _____ nothing.

A. spending/doing B. to spend/to do C. spending/to go D. to spend/doing

I didn’t hear you _____ in last night.

45 —That’s good. We tried _____ noisy.

A. come/not being B. coming/to not beC. coming/not being D. come/not to be

46 It’s no use __ me not to worry.

you tell B. your telling C. having told D. for you to have told

47 Having no money but __ to know, Lawrence simply said he had just had dinner.

A. not wanting anyone B. not to want anyone C. wanted no one D. to want no one

48 here is more land in Australia than the government knows __.

what to do with B. how to do C. to do with it D. to do it

49 __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing

50 “Did Sally say anything about me in her letter?” “ Only that she’d appreciate __ from you.”

A to hear B. hearing C. to hearing D. to have heard

51 .The professor had me __ my paper many times before allowing me to present it to the committee.

A. to revise B. revise C. revising D. revised