each,every
这两个词都有“每个”的意思,词义相近,但内涵和使用场合有所不同。
(一)each既可作形容词,又可作代词;every只能作形容词。例:
Each participant may try twice.(adj.)
每个参与者可尝试两次。
Each of them has done his work.(pron.)
他们各自干了自己的工作。
Every member has a share in the profits made by the company.(adj.)
每个会员可分享公司的盈利。
(二)each表示“各自”的意味,指一个整体中的个别人或事物;every表示“每个”之意,含有“全体”、“全部”之意味,因此,我们可以说:
Every boy was there and each did his part.
每个男孩都出席并各尽其力。
从此例可见,every是从“整体”来看;而each是从“个别”来看。
(三)each用于两个或两个以上的人或事物;every 用于三个或三个以上的人或事物。例:
The pavement on each side is crowded with pedestrians.
每边的行人道上挤满路人。
I enjoy every minute of the party.
联欢会的每一分钟我都玩得很痛快。
(四)在each和every通用的场合里,every的语气比each重,例如在下句中,用every比较适合,因为它的语势较强:
Every form of society,every way of thinking has its particular contradiction and particular quality.
每一种社会形态和每一种思想形式,都有它的特殊的矛盾和特殊的性质。
(五)有时候,人们为了加重语气,故意把each和every用在一起。例如:
The professor wants each and every student to be present before eight o’clock.
值得注意的是,each不可以和否定式的动词连用,例如,我们不可以说:Each did not succeed.而应说:
Each failed.
表示 each的否定涵义用语是:neither,no one或 not every one.如:
Neither(or Not every one)of them was in good health.