祈使句和感叹句
祈使句
一.概念
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
二.相关知识点精讲
1.祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如：
Take this seat. 坐这儿。
Do be careful. 务必小心。
否定结构：例如：
Don’t move. 不准动。
Don’t be late. 不要迟到。
2.以let开头的祈使句
Let 的反意疑问句：
a. Let’s 包括说话者。例如：
Let’s have another try, shall we / shan’t we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？
b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如：
Let us have another try，will you / won’t you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？
否定结构：例如：
Let’s not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。
Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。
感叹句
一.概念
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情
二. 相关知识点精讲
1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！
3.What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
4.What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
5.What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！
6.What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
第二十四章 否定句
否定句
一.概念
否定句指否定陈述句的句子.
二.相关知识点精讲
1. 用not构成的否定句：主语 + 助动词/ be + not + …
例句：
He is not back yet.
It is not true.
We haven’t forgotten you.
You shouldn’t be so silly.
We haven’t been invited yet.
He won’t go, but they will.
Money could not buy happiness.
I like the salad, but I don’t like this soup.
He wants a girl friend, but he doesn’t want to get married.
You didn’t understand what I said, did you?
You needn’t try to explain.
I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
I usedn’t to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
2. 祈使句的否定句：Don’t + 动词原形…。
例句：
Don’t worry. I’ll look after you.
Don’t believe a word he says.
Don’t be so rude.
3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。
It’s important not to worry.
He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
He reproached me for not having told it to him.
4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：
Come early, but not before six.
It’s working, but not properly.
I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I’m afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。
—Will it snow today ?
—I hope not.
5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词
No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
Take that towel, I have no other.
I can walk no farther.
There is no knowing what will happen.
6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：
I can seldom find time for reading.
Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
The rumor came from nowhere.
None but fools have ever believed it.
7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：
I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see.
I don’t imagine that he’ll enjoy it.
8. 否定式疑问句：
Doesn’t she understand?
Haven’t you booked your holiday yet?
部分否定：
注意部分否定的结构：
Not all…=All…not…
Not both…=Both…not…
Not every…=Every…not…
I don’t remember all the names.
All is not gold that glitters.
It is not found everywhere.
Not everyone likes this film.
9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意义：
注意这些句型：
cannot…too.. / cannot… more: 越…就越好；再…不过了。
You cannot be too careful.
A man can never have too many friends.
