虚拟语气用法详解:七. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如:
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗?
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时,常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如:
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。如:
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗?
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如:
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如:
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如:
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗?
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如(from http://www.enmajor.com/):
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。