主语从句
定义
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句.
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句) 中的连接词
连词: that / whether / as if (though);
连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，
连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever
第一部分
常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
that在主语从句中有三个特点：不作成分;没有词义;不能省略。
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.
(4) Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.
(6)Whatever you did is right. (主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式)
(7)What we need is time.
(8)What we need are good doctors. (主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题)
小结:
(1)引导主语从句连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等
(2)连词位于句首不能省略
(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(8)
第二部分
为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
(1)It is certain that he will win the match.
(2)It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
(4)It is strange that he should do that.
(5)It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
(6)It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
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(7)It is a pity that we won’t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
(8)It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
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(9)It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
(10)It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
(11)It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
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(12)It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
(13)It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
(1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.
It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed/ + that 从句.
It +不及物动词 + that 从句.
(2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
主语从句的用法。
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句或It +不及物动词 + that 从句. 例如：
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It is strange that you should like him.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
It seems that he has seen the film.
另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：
It turned out that……;
It has been proved that……;
It happened/occurred that……;
It is well-known that……等等
②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄
强调宾语：It is English that Professor Lin teaches us.
强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.
判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+that从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+that从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
if可以引导主语从句，但必须放置句尾。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.
主语从句翻译题目
1. (谁将去接他)_____________ is not decided.
2. (哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)________ is not clear so far.
3. (他能否买到飞机票)________________ doesn’t matter much.
4. (我们如何去那里)_________________ is a question.
5. (你刚才告诉我的)________________ was really a surprise.
6. (他什么时候出国)_________________ is being discussed
7. (他为什么哭)_________________ is not clear.
8. It is clear__________(他是一个乞丐).
9. (你要请谁)_____________ is not important.
10. (我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)__________________ is not clear.
最佳答案
1. who will pick him up is not decided.
2. which class will win the match is not clear so far.
3. whether he can buy the ticket for plane doesn’t matter much.
4. how we will go there is a question.
5. what you told me just now was really a surprise.
6. when he will go abroad is being discussed
7. why he cries is not clear.
8. It is clear that he is a beggar
9. who you will invite is not important.
10. where the basketball will be held is not clear.
