★He won’t be back until January.

He won’t be back until January.他到一月份才回来。

Until 表示“一直到…时为止”，后接短语或时间状语从句。在否定句中，可译成“直到…时才…”，until 和till 一样，可互用。例如：

I’ll stay here until tomorrow.

我要在这儿等到明天。

I’ll study tonight until it is eleven o’clock.

今晚我要学到十一点钟。

I didn’t understand until you tell me.

直到你告诉我才明白。

Stay here and wait for me till I come back.

呆在这儿等着我回来。

★Is she very unhappy without me?

Is she very unhappy without me?我不在她是否不愉快。

Without…是一介词，表示“没有…的情况下”,常用来表示伴随情况，假设等。例如：

I can’t do it well without your help.

没有你的帮助我就干不好。

We could do nothing without light.

没有电，我们什么也干不成。

He went out without a word.

他一句话也没说就出去了。

★Everybody here is busy getting ready for it.

Everybody here is busy getting ready for it.在这儿大家都为圣诞节做准备。

Be busy doing表示“忙于做……”，也可以写成be busy with …，后接名词。例如：

The students are busy cleaning the classroom.

学生正忙于打扫教室。

Are you busy with the homework?

你在忙作业吗？

★Have you heard from him?

Have you heard from him?你收到过他的信吗？

hear from …表示“收到…的信”，相当于have a letter from him .例如：

I heard from him last week.

我上周收到他一封信。

I haven’t heard from him since he left.

只从他走后，我没收到他的信。

I had a letter from my sister.

我收到我妹妹的一封信。