副词的位置与排列
一. 副词的位置
(一) 1.副词可以修饰动词,包括不定词、动名词和分词,通常位于被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时,一般放在宾语的后面。
They walked slowly.
他们走得很慢。
slowly修饰动词walked。
The snow continued to fall heavily.
雪继续下得很大。
heavily修饰不定词to fall。
I enjoy driving slowly in the golden morning sun.
我喜欢在清晨金色的阳光下悠然地驾车。
slowly修饰动名词driving。
I enjoy walking slowly in the golden morning sun.
我喜欢在清晨金色的阳光下悠然地散步。
slowly修饰动名词walking。
We saw a boat coming quickly toward us.
我们看到小船很快地朝我们驶来。
quickly修饰现在分词coming。
Taken separately, they are easy to solve.
分开处理容易解决。
separately修饰过去分词taken。
2.副词修饰动词,放在句首时,起强调的作用。
Quickly, he stood up to catch the butterfly.
他飞快地站起来去捉蝴蝶。
3.肯定否定副词或频率副词多置于一般动词之前,但通常要放在助动词、联系动词BE之后。
He never spoke about his own merits.
他从不说起他自己的功绩。
We may never see him again.
我们也许再也见不到他。
He is often late for school.
他常上学迟到。
(二)修饰形容词的副词通常放在该形容词的前面。
This is a very funny film.
这是一部非常有趣的电影。
This room is fairly small.
这个房间相当小。
This kitchen is not big enough.
这个厨房不够大。
The number of the money is big enough.
钱的数目足够大了。
副词enough修饰形容词时,要放在被修饰的形容词之后。
(三) 副词在修饰其他副词时,置于被修饰副词之前。
He drives extremely fast.
他车开得非常快。
副词extremely修饰副词fast。
Do it right now.
马上就做。
副词right修饰副词now。
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the thief.
他跑得不够快没能追上那个贼。
副词enough, indeed等在修饰副词时,置于被修饰副词之后。
(四) 副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。
They are going to stay here fully six months.
他们将要在这里停留整六个月。
副词fully修饰基数词six。
This car cost me over ten thousand dollars.
这辆车花掉了我一万多美元。
副词over修饰基数词ten thousand。
(五) 副词修饰介系词片语,一般置于被修饰的介系词片语之前。
This long nail went right through the plank.
这根长钉子完全穿透了木板。
副词right修饰介系词片语through the wall。
She made her application well within the term.
她正好在这段期间内提出申请。
副词well修饰介系词片语within the term。
(六) 1.副词修饰子句时,一般放在被修饰的子句之前。
There was a knock at the door just as we were about to have dinner.
我们正要吃晚饭的时候有人敲门。
副词just修饰副词子句as we were about to have dinner。
2.副词也可以修饰整个句子,通常位于句首,若置于句尾可能被认为是修饰动词造成语意的偏差。
Happily he went with them.
他高兴地跟他们走了。
happily修饰全句。
He threw himself onto the sofa heavily.
他重重地坐到了沙发上。
heavily修饰动词threw。
3.修饰全句的副词置于句中或句末时必须用逗点隔开,如无逗点隔开易被认为是修饰动词,而放在句首时则逗点可有可无。
She, apparently, wants to say something.
她显然想要说点什么。
He escaped being killed in the car accident, fortunately.
很幸运他没在车祸中丧命。
(七) 1.少数副词可以修饰名词及名词同等语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,如:
also, very, even, just, only, not, nearly, especially, exactly, simply, rather, quite等。
Even a child can do it.
甚至小孩也能做到。
副词even修饰名词片语a child。
Only she could come.
只有她能来。
副词only修饰代名词she.
2.某些副词要置于被修饰的名词之后。
I met her the week before.
上星期我见过她。
副词before修饰名词week.
See the notes below.
参考下面的注解。
副词below修饰名词notes.
He, too, loves her.
他也爱她。
too修饰he,要放在he之后。
二. 副词的排列顺序
1.副词的排列顺序是指在一个句子中有多个副词时,一般要按情状副词、地方副词、频率副词、时间副词的顺序排列。
The man runs slowly along the river at six o’clock every morning.
这个人每天早上六点钟慢慢地沿着河边跑步。
I’m used to getting up early at six o’clock every morning.
我习惯每天早上六点钟早早起床。
2.在句子中若有多个时间副词,要从短时间到长时间排列。
He woke up at six in the morning on the fifth of October.
他在十月五日早上六点醒来。
I broke my legs in the evening on the fifth of October last year.
去年十月五日的晚上我摔断了双腿。
3.在句子中若有多个地方副词,要从小地方到大地方排列。
I met him at a bar in a small town in New York State.
我在纽约州的一座小镇的酒吧里遇到了他。
I met a beggar at the gate of a park in a small town in London one day.
一天我在伦敦一座小镇的公园门口遇到一个乞丐。
