非谓语的表达方式较多,也是学生们容易觉得困难的知识点,所以在口语课上我一般会分成几次去讲解和练习。
这次主要讲的是分词的非谓语用法:
首先,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
例如:
Being a student,he was interested in books.
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
然而,现在分词有一般式和完成式,且有主动语态和被动语态,当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态,如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用分词完成式的被动形式。
例如:
The question being discussed is important:
Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.
过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式没有完成式。
接下来讲讲分词的用法:
第一,分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
The excited people rushed into the building.
第二,分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如:
Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式)
第三,作表语。
例如:
The news is inspiring.
The glass is broken.
第四,作宾语补足语。
例如:
We saw the teacher making the experiment.