内 容 提 要
这一章主要从三个方面讲述。限定词和被限定词之间的呼应，包括冠词与名词、数词与名词、代词与名词之间的关系;主语和谓语的呼应，包括单数情况的呼应和复数情况的呼应，对等成分的前后呼应;还有并列主语与谓语动词的呼应。
I限定词和被限定词间的呼应
一、 冠词与所修饰名词间的呼应
1. 不定冠词a/an表示“一个，一部分”，与之匹配的是名词的单数形式，不管a/an与它所修饰的名词之间有多少个限定成分，都要遵循这一规则
1) A significant proportions [A] of the plants and animals of [B] Hawaii exists nowhere else [C] in the world [D] .
2) The discovery [A] of kerosene and the invention of a glass [B] chimney made possible [C] a greatly improved lamps [D] .
3) Jim Thorpe， a football [A] ，track，and baseball stars [B] from Pennsylvania，is considered by many [C] to be the greatest [D] all?round athlete of modern times.
2. “冠词+表示单概的名词+介词短语或从句(不管介词短语或从句中的名词是单数名词还是复数名词)”，主句的谓语动词都要用单数形式
4) A typical [A] farm in the [B] midwestern United States cover [C] about three hundred acres of fertile [D] prairie land.
5) The Petrified Forest of eastern Arizona are [A] made up of tree trunks [B] that were buried in mud，sand，or volcanic ash ages ago [C] and have turned to stone [D] .
6) Many [A] of the population in the rural areas [B] is composed [C] of manual laborers [D] .
二、 数词与修饰名词间的呼应
1. 可数名词要么与冠词连用，要么用其复数形式，一般不单独使用
7) Thomas Jefferson skillfully [A] organized his [B] supporter [C] in congress into a strong [D] political group.
2. 表示“一”的数词作定语时，用可数名词单数;表示“一”以上的数词作定语时，可数名词用其复数
8) If [A] [KG?2] laid out [B] in a straight line，the human digestive tract(消化道) would measure [C] approximately thirty foot in length [D] .
9) Edna Ferber told [A] the story [B] of her life [C] in two book [D] .
10) Sea turtles date back 100 million year [A] and are the only ancient [B] sea reptiles to survive [C] to the present [D] day.
3. 序数词作定语时，名词用单数形式。这时序数词前常加定冠词the
11) Sodium(钠) is [A] the six [B] most abundant [C] element in [D] the earth’s crust.
12) First incorporated [A] in 1871，Dallas，Texas， had become [B] the seventh [C] largest cities [D] in the United States by 1976.
4. “一以上的基数词+连字符+表示时间(大小、长度、距离、高度等)的名词(+old)作定语”时，名词用单数形式
13 Like [A] some other running [B] birds，the gander(雄鹅) lacks [C] a back toe and has a three?toed feet [D] .
5. much和much of后接不可数名词，而many和many of后接可数名词的复数
14) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
15) The bluegrass country [A] around Lexington, Kentucky is [B] the home of much of [C] the world’s [D] finest race horses.
6. 表示度和量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。接可数的名词有：a range of+复数名词，a series of+复数名词， a variety of +复数名词或不可数名词，a number of+复数名词等;可接不可数名词有：an amount of+不可数名词等
16) Two waterfalls within [A] the city limits supply [B] Rochester，New York，with an enormous [C] number [D] of electric power.
17) A wide [A] range of disorder [B] can affect the human [C] muscular [D] system.
18) Institutions [A] of higher learning get [B] their funds from a variety [C] of source [D] .
7. half of +复数名词，其谓语用复数形式(但half+表示程度大小的词用不可数修饰，如as much as half a meter)
19) Nearly [A] half of the ancient [B] meteor(流星) craters(陨石坑) has been [C] found in central and eastern [D] Canada.
20) At [A] birth，an infant exhibits [B] a remarkable [C] number of motor response [D] .
三、代词与修饰词间的呼应
1. 不定代词与名词的一致 不定代词another修饰可数名词单数，而other则修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
21) White spots in [A] a person’s fingernail are caused by [B] bruises or [C] other minor injury [D] .
22) Mineral prospectors use [A] their knowledge [B] of geophysics to locate [C] deposits of oil，uranium(铀)， and another [D] valuable minerals.
23) “Cool Jazz” emerged when [A] tenor saxophonist Lester Young， guitarist [B] Charlie Christran，and another [C] musicians made major changes [D] in jazz improvisation.
2. 不定代词much, (a) little, less, least, a great deal/amount of修饰不可数名词; many, (a) few, both则修饰可数名词的复数形式, a great variety of后面接可数名词或不可数名词均可， every, each, one, none则修饰单数名词;all可修饰可数和不可数名词，但修饰可数名词时须用复数
24) At one time [A] many person [B] believed [C] that some forked twigs had supernatural powers [D] .
25) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their [D] budgets from it.
26) Electing [A] honest and competent individuals to public office [B] is really [C] the responsibility of every peoples [D] in a democratic society.
3. 人称代词与名词的呼应 人称代词I(me), he(him), she(her), it都是代替前边的单数名词，而they(them), we(us)则是代表复数的，you既可代表单数，也可代表复数，但表示泛指的时候，我们汉语用“我们”来表示，而英语则用“he”或“one”来表示。
27) The leaves of the red maple(槭树) are highly [A] poisonous to horses and when ingested [B] can kill [C] it [D] within fifteen hours.
28) The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides [A] the waters [B] flowing into [C] the Atlantic Ocean from it [D] flowing into the Pacific.
29) Mahogany(桃花心木) is often considered [A] the finest cabinet wood [B] because they [C] has most of the qualities desired [D] for furniture making.
4. 物主代词与名词的呼应 my, our, his, her, its, their要与代替的名词在数上一致
30) The welfare department, as well as the other social services, will have budget cut.
[A] their
[B] his
[C] its
[D] our
31) Women have always [A] worked in the United States，and hers [B] work has been [C] indispensable in the expansion [D] of American industry.
32) Dolphins are warm?blooded; that is， its [A] body temperature always stays [B] about the same， regardless [C] of the surroundings [D] .
5. 反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应
33) Behavior modification techniques work [A] best [B] with problems that manifest itself [C] in overt(公开的，明显的) actions [D] .
34) Since the beginning of recorded history humans have been known [A] to seek [B] good health and the means to [C] cure itself [D] of illness.
6. 指示代词与所代名词间的呼应 this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，而one只指代可数名词单数。these、those和ones指代复数名词(而且those还可作先行词，可以有定语从句，those表示“那些人”)。one…another表示“一个……另一个”;the other表示两者中的另一个;the others表示一个整体中的“另外一些”。one和those后边还可以跟who引导的定语从句，one代替名词单数，those代替名词复数
