II. 代词作主语时:(参见“代词”部分)
1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.
(1)Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。
(2)Neither plan suits me .(3)Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。
2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用:“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。e.g.
(1)Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?
(2)There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。
3. 下列不定代词作复数用:“(a)few ,many ,several, both”等。e.g.
(1)Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个(客人)是我们熟识的。
(2)Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。
4. 下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数:
1)“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
(1)Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?
(2)Who are League Members .哪些是团员?
2)"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.
(1)All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的学生)都在用功。
(2)All (of the paint ) is fine .(这些油漆)都很好。
3)"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的)",等。e.g.
(1)Half of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的。
(2)Half of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半。
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时:
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.
(1)Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间。
(2)Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了。
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g.
(1)About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
(2)Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (许多)/ a varlety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用。e.g.
(1)A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
(2)There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数。e.g.
(1)The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
(2)The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富。