英语中,为了专门表示假设的意义和其他与事实相反的内容,特采用虚拟式来表示。谈到虚拟式,相信很多人都知道它可以用动词的过去式表示。但是,对“动词原形”构成的虚拟式,却有些陌生,也有很多不解。下面,就由小编细细为大家道来~
用“动词原形”表示的虚拟句,就是无论主语怎么变,动词一律保持原形不变,及“以不变应万变”。主要有以下几种情况:
一、用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后that-分句中:
1. 动词:用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词后的从句中。
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office. 老师命令到所有书本要送到办公室。
She insisted that she go to the south in the summer vacation. 她坚持暑假去南方。
We propose that Li Hua take the chair. 我们建议李华当主席。
2. 形容词:用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, important, possible, necessary等形容词后的从句中:
It is essential that we be healthy. 我们的健康很重要。
It is advisable that these regulations be abolished. 取消这些规则的说法是可行的。
It is necessary that we study English well. 我们将英语学好很必要。
3. 名词:用在decision,decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement等名词后的从句中:
Our teacher gives us an instruction that all the homework be done like that. 老师告诉我们所有作业都要那样做。
He gives me advice that I do the homework first. 他建议我先做家庭作业。
The demand that all students stand there isn’t proper. 让学生站那儿的要求是不合理的。
注意:以上的用法均可以与“should+动词原形”和“to do”形式替换运用。如:
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered that all the books should be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered all the books to be sent to the office.
二、If、only等引导的从句中:
If, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句,表示推测、让步、防备等含义。
If the man be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. 若是被发现有罪,这个男的将有申诉权。
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have our unswerving support. 不管她对错与否,我们都一如既往地支持她。
注:在非正式语体中,以上句子还可以用should+动词原形。
三、用于某些固定说法中:表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。
God bless you! 上帝保佑!
So be it. 就这样吧!但愿如此。
Suffice it to say that …只需要说 …就够了。
Far be it from …远不 …
Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家就是家,不管它是多么平凡。