• adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的
• n. 倔强的人；耐火物质

re-,向后，往回，-fract,破开，碎开，词源同 break,fraction.-ory,形容词后缀。字面意思即宁为 玉碎的，引申词义倔强的，顽固的。

refractory (adj.)

"stubborn, obstinate, perverse," 1610s (earlier refractorious, 1550s, refractary, c. 1600), from Latin refractarius "obstinate, stubborn," from past participle stem of refringere (see refraction). Related: Refractorily; refractoriness.

1. He is a very refractory child .

他是一个很倔强的孩子。

来自辞典例句

2. Silicate minerals are characteristically refractory and difficult to break down.

硅酸盐矿物的特点是耐熔和难以分离.

来自辞典例句

3. The excreta of aquatic animals - fish, frogs, turtles, snakes, etc - contain similar refractory materials.

水生动植物如鱼 、 蛙 、 龟 、 蛇等的排泄物中也会含有类似的难处理的物质.

来自辞典例句

4. The excreta of humans and land animals contain soluble refractory organic matter.

人和陆生动物排泄物含有可溶的难处理有机物质.

来自辞典例句

5. Reflux leads to recurrent or refractory aspiration pneumonia.

反流可引起复发的难治的吸入性肺炎.

来自辞典例句